利用黑体辐射理论研究行星和矮行星的表面温度

行星和矮行星不断地吸收来自太阳的热辐射,同时也向外辐射能量.假定行星和矮行星处于热平衡状态,利用黑体模型估计了它们的表面温度.结果显示,行星和矮行星表面温度与其自身大小无关,主要受它们与太阳距离远近的影响,距离太阳越远,温度越低.理论计算得到的表面温度大体上与实际表面平均温度相吻合,但由于行星大气或内部热源等因素,实际温度稍微高于理论计算值.文中还研究了星体表面能够达到的最高温度以及辐射冷却后的温度,对于周围没有大气的星体,结果与实际符合较好.

Surface temperature estimation of planets and dwarf planets by the blackbody radiation theory

Planets and dwarf planets are always absorbing the energy emitted by the sun. Simultaneously,they are emitting energy by thermal radiation.Assuming that the bodies are in thermal equilibrium,the theoretical temperatures are obtained.The results show that the theoretical temperatures agree roughly with actual ones,and they depend on the distances from the sun,not on the sizes of the planets.Additionally,outer atmosphere and internal heat of some planets exert some effect on the temperatures.The surface maximum temperatures have been also calculated.The temperature after cooling has been also discussed.They agree well with actual ones for the objects without atmosphere.