麻风杆菌多途径接种裸鼠的研究

用麻风杆菌经静脉内、后足垫和耳皮下多途径接种裸鼠。在裸鼠接种菌后307、334、497、和625天分别剖杀1—2只裸鼠,取接种足垫和耳部皮损、胭窝淋巴结、鼻、坐骨神经、尾部皮肤损害、舌、肝、脾、肺、肾和心脏称重后制成匀浆,作菌计数。同时各取部分组织作组织病理学检查。实验结果表明,裸鼠经过多途径接种麻风杆菌后,其菌量增殖明显高于以往报告的单途径接种方法所取得的结果。尤其在接种部位的后足垫及耳部,最高菌量分别达到2.85×10~11/g(497天)和6.28×10~12/g(625天)。虽然麻风杆菌的世代时间近似,但对数生长期时间明显延长。结果也表明,多途径接种方法能使裸鼠发生更严重的病变和系统性播散。组织病理学检查表明,经抗酸染色的足垫组织切片中,在横纹肌、血管壁内皮细胞和血管中均可见到大量抗酸杆菌(AFB)及菌团,皮神经束膜内外和雪旺氏细胞中也找到了许多AFB。最终在整个足垫组织中充满了AFB。HE染色呈瘤型麻风进行性病变,肉芽肿浸润由含大量AFB的泡沫细胞和巨噬细胞构成,直至泡沫细胞组成的麻风瘤病变完全代替了正常结构。各个部位相比较,低体温部位如足垫、耳、鼻及尾部仍然是麻风菌繁殖的优势部位。横纹肌及外周神经是麻风菌好侵犯之处,也显示了麻风菌在裸鼠体内感染的特点。

STUDY ON M.Leprae INFECTION OF NUDE MICE BY MULTIPLE ROUTES OF THE INOCULATION

The immune-deficient nude mice were inoculated with nude mouse-derived Mycobacterium leprae by the multiple routes of the inoculation (intravenously, subcutaneously at the foot pads and ears). The results showed that these animals inoculated were capable of supporting a great number of Mycobacterium leprae to level 10~(11~12) per g of tissue, and were detected histopathologically to have more heavy lepromatous lesions. The dissemination of the infection was found, particularly in the sites with lower body temperature. The organisms have a partiality for the striate muscle and peripheral nerves. The authors suggest that the experimental leprosy in the nude mice is a very useful tool for leprosy research, especially in countries without the armaillo. In comparison with the inoculation by single route reported previousy, the inoculation by the multiple routes is more available.