凡纳滨对虾生命周期环境影响模型分析评价研究

【目的】以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为原料,针对凡纳滨对虾养成和综合利用(同时获得冷冻无头虾、调味基料、多功能饲料添加剂等3种产品)模式,评价整个过程的环境影响。【方法】引入生命周期环境影响评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)概念和方法,构建了由确定目标和范围、清单分析、影响评价、结果解释等4个步骤组成的评价体系,并对其生产过程中的资源消耗、富营养化、温室效应、酸化、烟尘与粉尘、固体废弃物排放等进行了定量评价。【结果】在以养成及综合利用1000kg凡纳滨对虾为功能单元的评价体系中,总环境影响负荷为0.386,单类型环境影响负荷分别为温室效应(0.179)、酸化效应(0.112)、富营养化(0.055)、粉尘和烟尘(0.034)及工业固废(0.006)。【结论】各子系统对总环境负荷值的贡献大小依次为养殖阶段、加工阶段、繁殖阶段及废水处理阶段。

The Evaluation of the Model of Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) in Litopenaeus vannamei

[Objective]According to the aim of “Zero-waste”and “High-value”,environmental impacts were estimated in L.vannamei breeding,cultivation and comprehensive utilization, which was developed to produce three kinds of products,headless frozen prawn,seasoning base material and feed additives.[Methods]Based on L.vannamei processing and utilization model, the life cycle assessment （LCA）was divided into four parts,including goal and scope defini-tion,inventory analysis,impact assessment and interpretation of results.Quantitative evalua-tions were made in the consumption of resources,solid wastes,eutrophication,global warming, smoke and dust,acidification and potential impacts.[Results]The indexes of total environment load,global warming,acidification,eutrophication,smoke and dust,and solid wastes were 0H386,0.179,0.112,0.055,0.034,and 0.006,respectively.[Conclusion]The most contributed stage in L.vannamei processing and utilization model is the cultivation stage.