公债在美国经济发展中的作用及其对我国全面建设小康社会的启示

美国公债的发行始于1776年，在其发行的历史过程中，呈现出一定的周期性，并且具有市场化、金融资产性以及债权人分布多样性等特点。公债的发行为多次战争和摆脱经济衰退筹措经费，并在弥补财政赤字、为政府各项支出融资、干预经济生活以及进行宏观调控等方面发挥了重要作用，取得了一定的经济和社会效应。与美国相比，我国公债发行的特点是为了筹集资金进行经济建设，弥补国家财政不足，1998年以后主要是为了解决内需不足的问题，发挥了积极的国债效应。在我国全面建设小康社会中，应认真总结中美两国发行公债的经验，使国债成为经济建设和社会资源再分配的桥梁和纽带，为实现全面建设小康社会的目标发挥应有的积极作用。

The Role of Public Debt in Building China's Well-off Society in an All-round Way: on the Experience and Practice of the United States

Public debt was issued in 1776 in the United States. In the American history of the public debt, its main characters were presenting several cycles definitely, showing the peculiarity of financial assets and the variety of it's creditor. The aim to issue public debt was to raise money for the wars and resolve the problem of economic crisis, simultaneity, it had played an important role in offsetting the government budget deficits. However, all the impacts of the public debt in financial support for the governmental expenditures, intervening the economic activities of the government, and adjusting for the microeconomic plan of the United States were obviously in the past more than 200 years. Comparing to the United States, China's public debt was issued for raising money for the economic construction and offsetting the budget deficits, not for the wars. The positive effects of the public debt was to solve the problem of insufficiency in domestic demand after 1998. Nowadays, China's government is carrying out the strategy policy of building a well-off society in an all-round way, fundamentally, based on the experience and practice of the United States and China itself, public debt will be the bridge and tache in the economic constructing and redistributing the social resources. The positive effects of public debt will be exerted absolutely in the procedure of fulfilling the tasks of building a well-off society in an all-round way.