论中国知识分子的非充分性职业化形态——以民国前后的出版业为核心加以考察

中国传统的知识分子是"精英—名士型"的。这一款型的知识分子的最高价值指归是在知识分子作为一个特殊团体所肩负的特殊的文化—社会使命。但现代知识分子是职业型的。职业型知识分子首先需要考虑的乃是个体自身的生存。在职业社会,"义"与"利"可以是二分的,工作也可以只与经济报酬相联系。19世纪中叶以来,中国知识分子的现代转型,从一个侧面加以描述,正表现为精英意识的日渐淡化与职业意识的日渐加浓。但其间的关系也颇错综复杂,职业意识并没有在短期内确立起它充分的游戏规则。在传统精英理念的支撑下,工作岗位不可避免地仍然与个人的价值理念纠结在一起,从而表现出一种非充分性的职业化形态。这在民国前后出版业的发展中,也可以得到印证。

On Chinese Intellectuals' Professional Inadequacy--A Study of the Publishing Industry around the Republic of China

Traditional Chinese intellectuals are elite-oriented. Its highest value lies in the culture-society mission undertaken by this special group. But modern intellectuals are profession-oriented, and they need to consider first their individual existence. In this profession-oriented society, JUSTICE and INTEREST can be dichotomous, and work can be related to economic payment. Since the 19th Century, the modern changes of Chinese intellectuals, described from one side, have brought about their incremental transformation from a weaker elite-consciousness to a stronger profession-awareness. However, as intricate it is, professional awareness only can not provide sufficient game rules. Supported by the traditional elite idea, they definitely still remained entangled by individual values in their workplaces, showing an inadequacy for professional readiness. This can also be confirmed by looking through the improvement of the publishing industry around the Republic of China.