高平开化寺“立机子”图像探微

高平开化寺壁画有"立机子"织造图一幅,成为宋代踏板单综立式织机目前仅见遗存。其形制与金末元初薛景石《梓人遗制》中所载"立机子"相近,两幅图像具有高超的写实绘画技术,其真实性较高。从织机结构与装配工艺分析,该织机与薛氏"立机子"在中轴及马头等诸多零件上不尽相同,其分经工艺差异性较大。这两幅图像也呈现出晋南、晋东南家庭作坊式织造业发展过程中区域工具特征,是宋元时期北方小型织机代表,有着极高的图像史料价值。

The Vertical Weaving Machine Image in the Murals of Kaihua Temple,Gaoping

There exists an image of a vertical weaving machine in the murals of Kaihua Temple,Gaoping,which is the only evidence of the vertical weaving machine with pedals in the Song dynasty.The structure and material of the weaving machine resemble those of the weaving machines illustrated in the Zirenyizhi by Xue Jingshi.Both of the images,featured by highly realistic painting skills,reflect the real objects accurately.Differences can be discerned in the structures and assembling techniques such as the components of the central axis and the horse head,especially in the longitude line.The regional characteristics of the weaving machines in the family workshops in southern and south-eastern Shanxi are also found in the two images,which serve as representatives of the small weaving machines in northern China during the Song and Yuan dynasties with significant historic values.