近代西方“科学”与传统儒家“道”之争辩——中国近现代中西体用视阈下的探究

科学与道的互动是贯穿科学观念近现代演化过程的主线。在西方近代科学思想的冲击下,道的内涵被逐层审视,科学观念在与道的碰撞中趋于完善。初始阶段,洋务派思想家注重器技的功用,用器技维护圣王之道。过渡阶段,维新思想家对科学内涵的理解拓展至科学知识、科学精神、科学方法。科学与道的融合渗透至道的全部方面,科学具备了道的形态。成熟阶段,知识分子用科学审视道,科学成为价值标准。道在与科学的比较中凸显出本有的人文价值。在此,围绕科学与人文的争辩悬而未决。从科学与道的互动视角疏辨思想的流变与脉络,可为研究科学与中国传统儒家思想的互动提供动态图景与逻辑理路,也为当今时代异质文化的交流提供历史借鉴。

The Debate Between Modern Western “Science” and Traditional Confucian “Tao”:An Exploration from the Perspective of Chinese and Western Styles

The interaction between "science" and the Tao is the main line through the modern evolution of scientific concepts in China.Under the impact of western modern scientific thought,the connotation of the Tao has been examined layer by layer,and scientific concepts tend to be perfected in the collision with the Tao.At the initial stage,westernization thinkers paid attention to the function of instrument and technology and used them to maintain the traditional Way of the Sage Kings.At the transitional stage,the reformist thinkers extended their understanding of the connotation of science to scientific knowledge,scientific spirit and scientific method.The integration of science and the Tao has permeated all aspects of the Tao,and science has obtained the form of the Tao.At the mature stage,intellectuals used science to examine the Tao,and science became the value standard.The Tao highlights its inherent humanistic value in comparison with science.Here,the debate surrounding science and humanities is unresolved.A review of the evolution of Chinese thought from the perspective of the interaction between science and the Tao can provide a dynamic picture and a logic way for the study of the interaction between science and traditional Chinese Confucianism,and can also provide historical reference for the exchange of heterogeneous cultures in the present era.