人口学特征分异的半圈养生境野生动物旅游者环境态度分析: 深层生态学理论视角

为理解野生动物旅游中人与生态系统互动机制, 以中国成都大熊猫繁育与研究基地为例, 采用聚类分析和单因素方差分析、雪费法事后检定等定量分析方法, 以新生态范式量表为基础, 对到访半圈养生境野生动物旅游者的环境态度进行测量, 分析基于人口社会学和人口地理学分异的野生动物旅游者的环境态度特征。结果表明, 按照环境态度表现程度不同, 野生动物旅游者分为3类: 近生态中心主义者、近人类中心主义者和立场中立者, 访客中主体环境态度为近生态中心主义者。在中国熊猫基地中的受访者中, 不同性别、年龄、收入、教育程度和家庭背景对环境态度有显著性差异。

Semi-Captive Habitat of Wildlife Tourists with Different Demographic Characteristics: Deep Ecology Perspective

To understand the interaction mechanism between human and ecotourism in wildlife tourism, taking Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding and Research Base in Chengdu, Sichuan Province as an example, the environmental attitudes of wildlife tourists was analyzed based on demographic sociology and demography. Quantitative analysis methods such as cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to measure the environmental attitudes of wild tourists who visited the semi-captive habitats on the basis of the new ecological paradigm scale. According to their different degrees of performance, wildlife tourists are divided into three categories - nearecocenters, near-anthropocentrists and neutrals, and the main environmental attitude of the semi-captive visitors are near-ecocentrism. In addition, the study analyzed the differences of the socio-demographic characteristics of the population towards environmental attitudes using the one-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe post-hoc comparison. The result showed that the respondents in the China Panda Base with different gender, age, income, education level, and family background have significant differences in environmental attitudes. This result has certain practical significance for the planning and management of wildlife tourism destinations.