基于改进TDM-LoRa低功耗森林火灾监测预警系统设计

针对目前森林火灾监测系统成本高、功耗大、维护复杂的缺点，提出一种基于改进TDM-LoRa设计的低功耗森林火灾监测预警系统。系统以STM32系列微处理器为节点控制核心，LoRa-SX1278 芯片为通信模块，并使用增量传输和改进TDM(Time Division Multiplexing,时分复用) 通信机制，有效降低节点能耗，从而延长监测节点和汇聚节点寿命。试验结果表明，数据信息在发射功率20dBm，传输速率为1.2 Kb/s的情况下，节点可在3500m范围内实现丢包率仅为7.2%；在使用2600mAh电池，数据采集上传间隔时间为30min的情况下，单个节点有效工作时间理论可达90.7个月，实现无中继远距离低功耗森林环境监测数据的采集。

Design of a Low Power Forest Fire Monitoring and Warning System Based on improved TDM-LoRa

The design of a low-power forest fire monitoring and warning system based on improved TDM-LoRa is proposed to address the drawbacks of high cost, high power consumption, and complex maintenance of current forest fire monitoring systems. The system uses the STM32 series microprocessor as the node control core, LoRa-SX1278 chip as the communication module, and uses incremental transmission and improved TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) communication mechanism to effectively reduce node energy consumption, thereby extending the lifespan of monitoring nodes and aggregation nodes. The experimental results show that with a transmission power of 20dBm and a transmission rate of 1.2 Kb/s, the node can achieve a packet loss rate of only 7.2% within the range of 3.5 Km; When using a 2600mAh battery with a data collection and upload interval of 30 minutes, the theoretical effective working time of a single node can reach 90.7 months, achieving the collection of remote low-power forest environmental monitoring data without relay.