晚明官员的收入构成

中国古代社会的各级官吏是统治阶级意志的执行者,政治上的特殊性必然会在经济收入上反映出来,晚明官员的收入主要由官俸收入、地产收入、经商收入及灰色收入构成。另外,晚明社会,除了上述四种主要形式的收入来源外,一部分官员还因战功显赫、理政有嘉,在宴会、典礼、巡幸、节日中均可受到皇帝的大量赏赐,有时数目极大,尤以辅臣及讲官集团更具代表性。不仅如此,晚明各级官员的收入对官员自身和其家庭,甚至是晚明社会均有深刻影响。

The Income Formation of the Late Ming Dynasty Officials

Officials of all levels in ancient China were the executives of the will of the ruling classes,and the particularity of the political status was necessarily reflected in the economic income.The income of the officials of the late Ming dynasty mainly includes their salary,real estate income,business income and gray income.In addition,in the late Ming dynasty society,in addition to the four main forms of the source of income,some officials would receive the emperor′s reward in feasts,ceremonies,perambulations and festivals because of their meritorious military service or administrating service.Sometimes the reward was very great,especially for the auxiliary ministers.Moreover,the income of officials of all levels of the late Ming dynasty had great influence on the officials themselves,their families,and even the whole society.