妊娠40周后伴胎儿过熟综合征胎盘超微结构电镜观察

目的：从形态学角度研究足月妊娠后出现胎儿过熟综合征的病因，为提高对过期妊娠临床管理质量提供依据。方法：应用透射电镜对１２例足月妊娠后伴胎儿过熟综合征胎盘进行观察。结果：过熟综合征胎盘线粒体等细胞器出现缺氧、老化等形态学改变，观察到细胞基底部细胞突起的形态退变过程及合胞体细胞微绒毛形成的特殊结构。结论：胎儿过熟综合征的直接病因是由于胎盘老化、缺氧，使细胞失去正常形态结构和功能，甚至胎盘功能失代偿。提示临床应在妊娠足月后严密监测胎盘功能并及时发现，及时终止妊娠以预防胎儿过熟综合征的发生。

A Morphological Study of the Placental Ultrastructure Changes in Pregnancy after 40 Weeks with Postmaturity Syndrome

Aim: A morphological study of the placental ultrastructure changes was performed to reveal the cause of postmaturity syndrome. Methods: The placentas of 12 cases of pregnancy after 40 weeks with postmaturity syndrome were observed by using the electron microscope. Results: Cell organs of placental postmaturity syndrome displayed aging and hypoxia and the processes of morphological change of syncytial basal plasma membrane was found. Special structure which contained syncytial microvilli was found in syncytial Cytoplasm. Conclusion: This study indicated that postmaturity syndrome was caused directly by syncytial dysfunction which resulted from placential aging and hypoxia. The results suggested that placential function should be carefully monitored after term pregnancy in order to diagnose the postmaturity syndrome in time.