传统慈善中的官方角色——以清代湖北育婴事业为例

育婴事业是盛行于清代的一种慈善活动，旨在救助父母无力养育或遭遗弃的婴孩。清代政府极其重视育婴，这深刻影响育婴事业的发展，尤其在湖北等发展迟滞地区。宏观上，国家颁行各种政策，鼓励各地兴办育婴；微观上，各级官吏以多种方式参与育婴事业的建设与管理。官方的介入使育婴由个别的善行义举变为全国普遍推行的一项社会事务，从根本上促进了育婴事业的发展。同时，它导致了育婴的官僚化与赋役化，扭曲了育婴的慈善性质，阻碍其独立健康发展。

The Role of Officials in Traditional Charities --Centering on the Infant-Raising Business of Hubei in Qing Dynasty

The infant-raising business was a kind of charitable activity in Qing dynasty ,which aimed at salvaging babies whose parents are unable to nurture and deserted babies. The government paid much attention to infant-raising business, which had a profound effect on this course, especially in those undeveloped areas as Hubei. The country issued various policies for enforcement on macroscopic view to encourage all local places to initiate the baby-raising business. Local government officials actively participated in the construction and management in various ways. The official government involvement promoted the infant-raising business fundamentally, but at the same time this involvement distorted the charity nature of infant-raising and hindered the healthy development of the course.