体操摆动动作系统的结构分析

本文从运动生物力学的角度,对摆动动作结构的传统理论进行深入研究,提出了新的观点,可供体操教学训练参考。(1) 摆动动作系统由准备阶段和完成阶段组成。(2) 准备阶段的任务是储备足够的机械能和肌肉能。主要技术特点:一是把身体抛高,增加重力位能,并远离下摆,增加转动动能;二是身体有关关节或做爆发式的振浪,或做渐进式的折屈动作,提高原动肌群的张力。(3) 完成阶段的任务是合理利用能量准确完成动作。主要技术特点:一是身体有关关节“弯屈--伸展”,使重心靠近转轴;二是身体的“伸展--(弯屈)”,使能量重新分配,巧妙地完成动作。

AN ANALYSIS ABOUT THE SWING MOVEMENT SYSTEM STRUCTURE ON THE GYMNASTICS

This paper makes a thorough study in the traditional theory about swing movement structure in terms of biomechanics.It advances some new points of view which are for teaching and training reference.Ⅰ.The swing movement system consists of preparatory stage and finishing stage.Ⅱ.The task of the preparatory stage is storing up enough mechanical energy and muscle energy.The chief technical characteristics are:One is increasing potential energy of gravity by the body swinging with push off and increasing turning kinetic energy by swinging down away the apparatus;The other is the swing with whipping movement of the body′s relevant joints explosively o(?) bending gradually,so that in-creasing the tensin of the initiative muscle.Ⅲ.The task of the finishing stage is finishing movements with making rational use of energy ac-curately.The chief technical characteristics are:One is the relevent joints of the body“bending…………extending”that the centre of grivaty dosing to the turning axis.The other is the body“extending…………(bending)”so that the energy is redistributed and finishing the movement ingeniously.