系统论视野下小流域生态补偿机制构建思路——以秋浦河为例

针对小流域生态补偿实践中存在的补偿标准偏低、静态、管理体制不健全、补偿方式单一等弊端，采用系统研究、文献分析、实证检验等方法，揭示了秋浦河流域生态补偿机制，包括流域协调与管理机制；生态补偿法律机制；多元补偿方式机制；政府主导，市场参与的多元融资机制；公众参与、监督机制；动态补偿机制；科学确定补偿标准机制。基于秋浦河上游生态服务主导效应因子价值、生态保护成本、发展机会成本，下游社会经济发展实际，2009年下游补偿上游金额为41448．0277。秋浦河流域生态补偿机制构建，有利于促进秋浦河流域上、下游协调发展与社会公平，可为我国小流域生态补偿构建与实践提供借鉴与参考。

Construction of Eco-compensation Mechanism in Small Watershed Based on System Theory:A Case Study of Qiupu River

Aiming at deficiencies in practice of small watershed ecological compensation cases, such as low compensation standards, static,imperfect management system and single compensation pattern,the literature method, case study, and systematic analytic approach are used to construct coo-compensation mechanism for Qiupu River,including watershed harmony mechanism, ecological compensation legal mechanism, multivariate compensation mechanism, diversity financing mechanism, public participation mechanism, dynamic compensation mechanism, scientific standard mechanism. The integrity and relativity should be considered in practice of ecological compensation in Qiupu River,according to the leading factor of ecological service value, the cost of the ecological preservation, the opportunity cost and economy and the society develops. In 2009, the lower reaches of the Qiupu River area should compensate the upper reaches 414. 4802 million Yuan. All the factors, including the leading effect factor value of the upper reaches ecological services, the costs of protecting ecology, the costs of development opportunities and the fact of the lower reaches development level are taken into account. In order to carry out scientific development concept and setting up a harmonious society, this practice is helpful to promote the whole to coordinate harmonious development, providing idea and reference to construction of eco-compensation mechanism in small watershed in the future.