水污染监测预警研究的热点、方法前沿与应用进展

水污染对区域经济发展造成的限制逐渐凸显，提高水质监测预警能力可以为水污染防治提供极大的助力。分析现有的水质监测预警领域研究热点问题、技术方法等的演变发展趋势可以为未来发展提供借鉴参考。本文以水质监测、预测、预警为主题，利用文献计量方法剖析了国内外该领域的研究现状以对未来研究提出建议。结果表明：领域内的热点问题包括富营养化、溶解有机物、重金属污染、黑臭水体等，ANN技术与SWAT模型受到最广泛的应用。国内对致病菌的监测与溯源、气候变化影响等问题关注不足。未来的研究热点可能为剖析多维水质监测指标内部联系，并基于高频数据、多维数据对水质时空变化进行模拟预测。

Research Hotspots, Method Frontiers and Application Progress of Water Pollution Monitoring and Early Warning

The negative impact of water pollution on regional development becomes increasingly notable. Improving the capacity of water quality monitoring and water pollution early warning can be beneficial to water pollution controlling. This article uses the theory and methods of bibliometrics to make an analysis and review of the development trend of the methodologies and hot issues in the field of water quality monitoring, prediction and water pollution early warning with the aim of providing some suggestions for further study in this field. Our results show that topics like eutrophication, dissolved organic matters, heavy metal pollution, water clarity are highly focused. ANN and SWAT are most widely used in water quality forecasting. Similar studies in our country falls behind in some subdomains like the matter of monitoring and tracking some bacteria, the impact of climate change on water quality. Future researches may focus on analyzing the inner-correlation of high dimensional data and modelling the temporal and spatial variation of water quality more accurately based on the high dimensional data and high frequency data.