海洋微藻分类生态及生物活性物质研究

海洋微藻是海洋中的主要初级生产者,它们的盛衰直接或间接地影响着整个海洋生态系的生产力,因此,与渔业资源、水产养殖、环保、地质等密切相关;海洋微藻的分类和生态研究是海洋生态系统结构和功能研究的基础。另一方面,近年来,随着陆地资源的衰竭和环境问题的日益突出,海洋微藻资源成了人们关注的热点,尤其是利用现代生物技术开发利用微藻资源及微藻与环境的关系问题等方面研究得到了科学家和各国政府的高度重视。我国海洋微灌资源丰富,过去对海洋微藻的分类学和生态学研究已取得一定成果,这些成果的应用和开拓新的研究课题是目前海洋微藻研究的2个重要方向。厦门大学在海洋硅藻研究方面的成果一直处于国内领先水平。近年来,在分类生态基础上,不断开展新的研究,在海洋微藻分类学和生态学、微型硅藻和微型浮植物生态、海洋微藻生物活性物质、微藻生物分子标记物、微藻胞外产物、及有害赤潮微藻的分离培养和生物学特性等方面研究取得了较好的进展。

Studies on taxonomy, ecology and bioactive products of marine microalgae

Marine microalgae are important primary producers in the sea which dominate the production of marine ecosystem directly or indirectly, and finally affect marine fish productivity, aquaculture, marine environment, and geological changes. Taxonomic and ecological studies of marine microalgae are basic for studies of the structure and function of marine ecosystem. On the other hand, with the decreasing of land resources and the intensification of environmental problems, studies on marine microalage have been triggering more and more interest due to the potential use of the microalgae, especially the research on microalgal resources exploration through modern bio techniques and the study on the relationship between microalgae and environment. Microalgal resources are plentiful in China and research in the fields of microalgal taxonomy and ecology has been actively carried out in the past several decades. Application of the research results in exploring potential microalgal resources and exploration of new research fields are two important subjects in future. Marine diatom research in Xiamen University has been carried out since 1930s and the achievements in the field have been in the lead in China. In recent years, the research fields have been expanded to cover the research of marine microalgae including taxonomy, ecology and natural products of marine microalgae, marine nanodiatom and nanophytoplankton, extracellular products and molecular biomarker of microalgae, isolation and culture of redtide microalgae, and diatom assemblages in mangrove habitats. The paper reviews the research achievements in marine microalgae of Xiamen University following a brief introduction of the progress in marine microalgal research both in China and in foreign countries.