相位实时差分技术应用于飞行器交会对接研究

空间飞行器交会对接需要实时高精度地确定两飞行器的相对位置.应用GNSS引导两飞行器交会对接,是GNSS差分原理的一种特殊应用.星载接收机提供的载波相位观测值是高精度定位的基础,但是如何实时可靠地固定相位模糊度仍然是关键技术,提出了一种有效的模糊度实时解算算法,即在宽巷组合的基础上附加选权约束来固定两种不同波长的宽巷模糊度,然后依据组合法直接求解L1和L2相位模糊度整数解.实验结果显示,应用该算法进行模糊度单历元实时解算时,15km以内的短基线,解算成功率大于99%,能满足实时交会对接定位精度的要求.为了验证该算法在空间飞行器对接中的应用,采用仿真的方法模拟了两飞行器逼近和离开的过程,模拟并实时输出星载GNSS观测量.进而应用新算法实时估计两飞行器间相对位置,精度达到厘米级水平.我们的研究不但能进一步完善GNSS相位模糊度解算理论与方法,也可促进GNSS在航空飞行器编队飞行和交会对接等相关领域的应用.

Real-time GNSS carrier phase differential technique for spacecraft rendezvous and docking

The spacecraft rendezvous and docking needs to determine the high precision real-time relative position and the relative velocity of the two aircraft in high precision real-time. Guiding two aircrafts with GNSS to dock is a special application of the GNSS differential principle. The GNSS carrier phase observables are the foundation for high precision positioning. However how to fix the real-time phase ambiguity are still the key technologies for the GNSS real-time application. This paper proposes an effecti...