普通话朗读中的停延

学习普通话的重要环节是在语流中模仿普通话的节律。停延作为节律的基础，确定了语流中的音步组合，进而关系到协同发音、连续变调等一系列语音现泉。停延的研究对于普通话的朗读教学具有重要的现实意义。该文以《普通话水平测试实施纲要》提供的60篇短文为语料，对于文中的停顿做出了定量、定性的分析：普通话的音步组合层的平均长度为5—7个音节，影响各篇短文音步组合层长度的主要因素是文体风格。该文根据60篇短文的语音资料，提出了设置句中无标点停顿的语义原则、语法原则、语用原则。根据语义原则，只能在有助于语义表达的地方停顿。根据语法原则，只能在构成语法结构的地方停顿。如果在某种情况下构成了非语法停顿，那是为了满足节律的需要。根据语用原则，人们通过对语境的分析，以停顿为手段，实现表情达意的最佳效果和节奏的匀称感。文中以大量例句，对各种语法结构中的语音停顿现泉进行比较说明，做出了令人信服的阐释。

Pause and Prolongation in Reading Putonghua

The important element in learning Putonghua is to imitate the rbvthm and pace in the stream of language.As the basis of rbythm and pace,pause and prolongation define the combination of tone pace in the stream of language,therefore affecting a series of pronunciation phenomena such as coordination of pronunciation and continuous tone change.The study on pause and prolongation is of great practical significance to the teaching of reading in putonghua.After a careful study of the pauses in the 60 short essays in "Essentials for Implementing Putonghua Proficiency Test",both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis have been made that the average length of the combination of tone pace in putonghua is 5 to 7 syllables.The styk of writing is the key element that affects the length of the combination of tone pace.On the basis of pronunciation materials in above mentioned 60 essays,the principle of semantics,the principle of grammar and the principle of pragmatics have been drawn up in choosing the pauses in a sentence where there is no punctuation mark for pause.According to the principle of semantics,pause is only used where it is conducive to semantic expression.According to the principlge of grammar,pause is only used a grammar structure.A non-grammar pause in some cases is to meet the demand of rbythm and pace.According to the principle of pragmatics,based on the analysis of language context,pause is used as the best means to achieve the effect of expressing the feelings,and the symmetry of rbythm.With a great number of examples,this article compares and elaborates pronunciation pauses in all kinds of grammar structures,and provides convincing explanations.