成都市郊区三种土地利用方式的土壤动物群落特征比较

为了掌握成都市郊区土壤动物群落特征及不同土地利用方式对土壤动物群落的影响，2008年10月对成都市郊区的绿化林、农田和莱地内的土壤动物进行了调查．共捕获大型土壤动物213只，隶属于2门6纲10类（目），优势类群为大蚓类（Macrodrilc oligochaetes）和小蚓类（Microdrilc oligochaetes）；中小型土壤动物1118只，隶属4门7纲10类（目），优势类群为弹尾目（Diplura）、线虫类（Nematode）和线蚓类（Enchytraeidae）；大型和中小型土壤动物类群和个体数的大小顺序均为菜地〉林地〉农田，但仅有中小型土壤动物的个体数有显著差异（P〈0．05）；大型土壤动物群落间的多样性差异不显著（P〉0．05），中小型的差异显著（P〈0．05）；大型土壤动物群落间相似性低于中小型；林地和菜地土壤动物垂直分布的表聚性高于农田，大型土壤动物的表聚性高于中小型．研究结果表明，不同土地利用方式对大型和中小土壤动物群落的影响不同．

Comparison of soil fauna community characters of three different land utilizations in the suburbs of Chengdu City

Soil fauna, an important part of terrestrial ecosystem structures, promotes the material cycle and energy flow. Investigations were conducted on three different land utilizations of plantation, farmland and vegetable land to study the soil fauna community characteristics in Chengdu suburbs and the influences of the land utilizations on soil fauna communities in October, 2008. The total of 213 soil macrofauna individuals, belonging to 2 phylums, 6 classes and 10 groups or orders, were collected with two dominant species of Macrodrile oligochaetes and Microdrile oligochaetes, and 1118 meso-microfauna individuals, belonging to 4 phylums, 7 classes, 10 groups or orders, were collected with dominant species of Diplura, Nematode and Enchytraeidae. The number of groups and individuals of both soil macrofauna and meso-microfauna in three different land uses were in the sequences of vegetable land 〉plantation 〉farmland, but only the meso-microfauna individual numbers had significant difference （P〈0.05） among the three land utilizations. The difference of macrofauna diversities among three land uses was not significant （P〉0. 05）, while that of meso-microfauna was significant （P〈0. 05）. The similarities among macrofauna communities were lower than those of meso-microfauna communities, The group and individual number of plantation and vegetable land decreased more sharply than the farmland. The group and individual number of soil macrofauna decreased more sharply than that of soil meso-microfauna. The results indicate that different land utilizations have different effects on the communities of soil macrofauna and meso-microfauna.