CD1d and natural T cells: how their properties jump-start the immune system |
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Authors: | S Joyce |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA), Fax +16153437392, e-mail: Sebastian.Joyce@mcmail.vanderbilt.edu , US |
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Abstract: | Cellular and humoral immune mechanisms recruited to defend the host from infectious agents depend upon the early immune events
triggered by antigen. The cytokine milieu within which the immune response matures is the most important of many factors that
govern the nature of the immune response. Natural T cells, whose function is controlled by CD1d molecules, are an early source
of cytokines that can bestow type 1 or type 2 differentiative potential upon helper T lymphocytes. This review attempts to
illuminate the glycolipid antigen presentation properties of CD1d, how CD1d controls the function of natural T cells and how
CD1d and natural T cells interact to jump start the immune system. CD1d is postulated to function as a sensor, sensing alterations
in cellular lipid content by virtue of its affinity for such ligands. The presentation of a neo-self glycolipid, presumably
by infectious assault of antigen-presenting cells, activates natural T cells, which promptly release pro-inflammatory and
anti-inflammatory cytokines and jumpstart the immune system.
Received 10 July 2000; received after revision 16 October 2000, accepted 16 November 2000 |
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Keywords: | : CD1d glycolipid antigen natural killer T cells pro-inflammatory cytokines anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 interleukin-12 interferon- $ \gamma $ granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
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