气质性乐观—悲观量表的结构:句法效应检验

测量个体气质性乐观和悲观的研究普遍采用Scheier&Carver于1994年修订的LOT量表。量表的编制者认为LOT-R是单维度结构,但许多使用此量表的研究者发现该量表为双维度结构。为解决其中的矛盾本研究提出假设:句法效应(wording effect)的存在导致了对该量表结构的维度之争,如果排除句法效应LOT-R量表将呈现单维结构。研究以大学生和在职人员为样本,采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法对数据进行分析。结果表明中文版乐观—悲观量表测量的是带有消极句法效应的单维度乐观—悲观主义结构。鉴于句法效应的存在,研究者应慎重解释量表的结构效度和研究结果。

Structure of Dispositional Optimism-pessimism Scale: Wording Effect Test

Most investigations into individual’s Optimism and Pessimism are made by means of the scale LOT(Life Orientation Test) revised by Scheier & Carver(1994).The authors of the scale believed it to be a unidimensional scale,but other researchers thought the scale has two dimensions.In order to analyse the disgreement,a new hypothesis is proposed: the controversy of the structure was related to the wording effect.If the wording effect is eliminated,LOT-R would appear unidimentional.Based on the sample of undergraduates and working staffs,using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis,the present study indicates that what the Chinese version of the scale measured is the structure of optimism and pessimism with negative-wording effect.The existence of a wording effect reminds us to be cautious of the construction validity of the scale and the interpretations of the results.