大型土木工程结构的模型试验仿真

近年来仿真技术得到了迅速发展,在国民经济各个领域中都发挥出了重要的作用.大型土木工程结构试验不但试验周期长而且还要消耗大量的人力,物力和财力,试验中的某些现象较难捕捉,这些都给利用硬模型试验结果揭示结构损伤机理带来了困难.利用仿真技术的无破坏性和可多次重复性就可以克服这些困难.通过一组厚板筏式基础试件的冲切损伤实例,说明了仿真技术在土木工程结构试验中的应用.利用有限元软件ADINA,较为理想地模拟了搁置于弹塑性地基上的筏板和仅有用边支承的普通平板在竖向荷载作用下发生冲切破坏时的裂缝分布和发展状况,为硬模型试验设计提供了有效的帮助,同时对解释硬模型试验的破坏机理发挥了重要的作用.

Model Test Simulation of Large Civil Engineering Structure

The technique of simulation has rapidly developed in recent years, and is playing a more and more important role in all walks of life. The large-scale experiment in civil engineering not only takes a long period to realize, but also needs to consume a great deal of manpower and money. Moreover, some of the interested phenomenon may be hard to trace during the hard model test, which brings forth difficulty for explaining the damage mechanism using test results. In contrast, the advantages of repeatability and unmanageability of the simulation technique can overcome the difficulties, which make it possible for the simulation to be used in large-scale experiment in civil engineering. The application of simulation technique to civil engineering was demonstrated through an example of punching shear damage of thick raft foundation. The distribution and development of cracks were simulated using ADINA for the model slabs with 2 different supporting cases, one of which is simply supported on its four sides and the other is placed on the elasto-plastic soil. The simulation results are not only useful in designing the hard specimen for the test, but also useful in explaining the test result.