汉唐时期荒政思想发展初探

汉唐时期的荒政思想有一个发展的历程。荒政思想主要包括积贮备荒思想、重农思想和赈济思想。汉代充分探讨了积贮备荒的重要性,建立了常平仓;唐代不再争论积贮备荒重要与否的问题,而是更加关注积贮备荒的措施与手段,同时完善了专门救灾备荒的义仓制度。在重农思想方面,汉代强调,天下之本在于发展农业生产,发展农业生产的目的之一在于救灾备荒;唐代则出现了＂食为民本——民为国本——国为君本＂的思想,在强调农本的同时,发展出民本思想。赈济思想方面,汉代出现了因灾赈济、首要赈粮、赈以土地的做法;唐代更加关注赈济的措施与手段,同时,出现了宗教力量参与到救灾过程中,反映了社会普遍救助思想。

A Tentative Study of Policy for Dearth Time in Han and Tang Dynasties

The policies for the time of dearth in Han and Tang dynasties were in a developing process. Its domina- ting ideas contain saving up for the crop failure, attaching importance to agricultures and establishing relief fund. The idea of saving up for the crop failure was paid more attention in Han dynasty, while the measures and means to save up were focused on in Tang dynasty; In terms of idea of developing agricultures, it is stressed in Han dynasty that the world is essentially based on the development of agriculture, which is to prepare for the lean year, while people -oriented thought was proposed in Tang dynasty though they put emphasis on crops. Concerning the relief thoughts, Han dynasty provide different forms of relief in times of dearth, including crops and land ; while Tang dy- nasty paid more attention to the relief measures and means, and the emergence of religious relief reflected the idea of social general relief in Tang dynasty.