《左传》谏说、外交行为艺术探骊

在《左传》所叙写的一系列谏说、外交行为活动中,一方为表明个体的隐性意愿,往往辅助性地采取了一些超出常理的行为方式,诸如奇异行为,巧作暗示;设疑诱问,寓谏于答;以谬制谬,克敌制胜;动之以行,感彼藉泪;极端行为,假威慑强,等等。这些行为蕴含着施动者的原始动机,参与辞令所产生的对应作用力的展开,使得辞令接收者在为言语的指示力所感召的同时,进一步或为行为的潜在效力所影响,或从中悟出行为者的深意,从而接受施言者之建议,在一定程度上满足对方的欲望。行为收到辞令所不能及之奇效,理应予以重视。

The Artistic Exploration of Expostulation and Diplomatic Behavior in Zuo Zhuan

Among the plentiful expostulations and diplomatic behaviors that depicted in Zuo Zhuan,some supplementary unusual behaviors are used to show speaker's recessive purpose,such as to hint by the strange manner,to lure and admonish by asking,to fight fallacies by fallacies,to touch with human compassion,and to scare and succumb the weird behaviors,etc.All these supplementary behaviors contain the speaker's original purposes,help the speaker to express themselves and at the same time,make the listener realize the speaker's real purposes with the potential influence hinted in these behaviors, thus to receive the advice to satisfy the speaker's aim.So a great importance should be attached to the high efficiency the unusual behavior showed in expostulation and diplomatic behaviors.