塔里木油田沙漠苦咸水淡化与软化技术

塔里木油田为了解决沙漠井队的生产和生活用水，采用了３种沙漠地下咸水的淡化装置：第一种是压汽蒸馏装置，这种装置将加热后的饱和蒸汽进行压缩，升温，然后再进入加热室，冷凝成为饱和水（淡化），并继续放出部分热量．第二种是反渗透装置，就是在外界压力作用下将苦咸水通过半透膜，该膜只能通过纯水，不能通过溶质，从而分离出纯水．第三种是电渗析装置，即在电场作用下，利用阴、阳离子交换膜对溶解液中阴、阳离子的选择透过性使溶质和溶剂分离．本文对上述３种装置的组成、工作原理、基本参数、优缺点以及使用情况加以介绍．还简要介绍了沙漠井队使用的两种小型软化水处理设备．

Technique of Desalinating and Softening the Bitter and Salty Water in Tarim Oil Field

n order to desalinate and soften the bitter and salty water to meet the needs of production and human being,Tarim Oil Field has adopted three kinds of desalination equipment. One is the compression and evaporation equipment which compresses the saturated steam coming from the heated salty water and lets the steam enter a heating room,where the steam condenses into saturated water. The seCOnd is called counter osmose. With the help of external pressure,only the pure water can pass through the semi-permeable film but the solute can't The third kind is an electrodialysis equipment. With the effect of electric field,the positive and negative ion exchange film can selectively let the positive and negative ions in solution pass through,the solute and solvent will thus be separated. The paper introduces the structures,working principles,basic Parameters,merits and defects of the above three kinds of equipment.