益生菌、肠道菌群与人体健康

 肠道菌群与人体长期互作、共同进化，帮助宿主消化吸收食物中的营养物质、代谢宿主肠道中产生的有毒废物，同时产生人体必需的氨基酸、维生素、短链脂肪酸等功能物质为宿主所用。肠道菌群紊乱将导致诸如糖尿病、肠易激综合征等多种人体疾病的发生。因此，维护健康的肠道菌群平衡状态对维持机体健康十分关键。益生菌可以调节人体肠道菌群结构、抑制致病菌在肠道中的定殖，同时帮助宿主建立健康的肠黏膜保护层，增强肠道屏障作用，增强宿主的免疫系统。本文综述了乳酸菌、益生菌、人体肠道菌群的研究进展，论述了中国人群的肠道菌群特征，分析了基因型与饮食对肠道菌群的影响，指出了肠道菌群领域的研究热点及发展趋势。

Probiotic,intestinal microbiota and human health

Human gut microbiota is of great importance, as indicated by accumulated evidences of its close association with human health. As an internalized ‘microbial organ’, the gut microbiota provides many functions that are not encoded in the host genome but shown to be essential to human health, such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and vitamin synthesis. Such health-relevant functions may be considered ecosystem services provided by the gut microbiota for the host. A number of factors influence the composition and metabolic activity of the colonic microbiota, and probiotics are believed to be an important regulator of intestinal bacterial diversity and metabolism in addition to genetic factors and diet. Probiotics are living micro-organisms that confer beneficial effects to the host, and it is believed that they hold great potential for regulating intestinal bacterial metabolism. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play major roles in maintaining equilibrium and stability of enteric microbiota, which in turn aids in gastrointestinal functions, including control of transit time, bowel habits, nutrient bioavailability, and modulation of gastrointestinal immune activity. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of population structure and function of intestinal flora research, to develop of probiotic strains intestinal flora to adapt to our country crowd is of great importance. It is urgent to establish microbial models for early diagnosis of disease and at the same time to vigorously develop excellent probiotic bacterial species resources as an effective scientific guidance and replacement therapy in order to solve the antibiotic resistance problem, by combining intestinal flora and human disease diagnosis and treatment.