琉璃瓦胎体氧化物成分与胎体颜色、吸水率、显气孔率及机械强度的相关性研究

以故宫南三所绿釉琉璃瓦胎体为研究对象，分别采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、色差计测试了样品的氧化物成分、晶相、色度，参照GB/T 3810.3—2016测定了样品的吸水率、显气孔率和密度，使用万能力学试验机测试了样品的力学性能，并探究了氧化物含量与胎体颜色、吸水率与显气孔率的相关性，利用SPSS软件对琉璃瓦胎体的机械强度和氧化物含量进行多重线性回归分析。结果表明，所选用的8个琉璃瓦胎体样品的氧化物组成大致相同，其中主要的氧化物成分为SiO₂和Al₂O₃；Fe₂O₃含量与红绿度之间呈显著的正相关关系，与亮度之间呈显著的负相关关系；Fe₂O₃含量与吸水率、显气孔率之间存在正相关关系；琉璃瓦胎体的显气孔率与吸水率呈线性关系，可通过测量吸水率的方法得到胎体的显气孔率；琉璃瓦胎体的机械性能在一定范围内受其氧化物含量的影响，提高SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量、降低CaO含量均有利于提高抗折强度和抗压强度，提高K₂O含量不利于提高抗折强度，但有利于提高抗压强度。

The correlation between oxide composition and color,water absorption rate,apparent porosity and mechanical strength of glazed tile bodies

The oxide composition, crystal phase and chromaticity of samples of the green glazed tile bodies from Nansansuo in the Forbidden City were investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and color difference measurements. The water absorption rate, apparent porosity and density of the samples were also determined according to GB/T 3810.3—2016 and the mechanical properties of the samples were tested with a universal mechanical testing machine. The correlations between oxide content and color, water absorption rate and apparent porosity of the glazed tile body were explored. The mechanical strength and oxide content of the glazed tiles were analyzed by multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results showed that the oxide compositions of the eight selected glazed tile body samples are similar, with their main constituent oxides being SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. There is a significant positive correlation between Fe₂O₃ content and red-greenness, and a significant negative correlation between Fe₂O₃ content and brightness. There is a positive correlation between Fe₂O₃ content and water absorption or apparent porosity. There is a linear relationship between the apparent porosity and water absorption rate of the glazed tile body, indicating that the apparent porosity could be obtained by measuring the water absorption rate. The mechanical properties of the glazed tile bodies are affected by their oxide content over a certain range. Increasing the SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ content and decreasing the CaO content both lead to improved flexural strength and compressive strength. Increasing the K₂O content does not improve flexural strength, but does improve compressive strength.