二冲程对置发动机工作特性研究

二冲程对置发动机以其良好的功重比广泛应用于无人机、无人车等领域，采用火花点燃的工作方式使之更适合采用汽油为工作介质。文中针对装备应用需采用航空煤油的技术需求，进行了不同介质（煤油和汽油），不同喷射系统（夹气燃油喷射和气道喷射）之间的试验对比.结果表明：燃料同为汽油时，在不同节气门开度工况下，采用夹气喷射的发动机动力性优于气道喷射；只有夹气方式可以使煤油实现冷起动；进行了夹气煤油整机配机试验，在高转速工况下，节气门开度由30%提高至80%，发动机的功率和扭矩分别约增加了10 kW和65 N·m，工作过程与传统的火花点燃式发动机几近相同；最后探究了节气门控制在50%，夹气方式下煤油与汽油的性能差异对比，表明采用汽油燃料的动力性更优，功率和扭矩分别约增加了5 kW和35 N·m.

Experimental Study on the Characteristics of a Two-Stroke Opposed Engine

Two-stroke opposed engines are widely used in unmanned aerial vehicles and other fields due to their excellent power-to-weight ratio. The working method of spark ignition makes them more suitable for gasoline as the active medium. Aiming at the technical requirement of using aviation kerosene for equipment development, a test comparison was carried out between different media (kerosene and gasoline) and different injection systems (air-entrained fuel injection and port injection). The results show that when the fuel is the same as gasoline, under other throttle valve opening conditions, the engine power with air-entrainment infusion is better than port injection; only the air-entrainment method can make kerosene realize cold start; In the machine test, under high-speed conditions, the throttle opening is increased from 30% to 80%, and the power and torque are increased by about 10 kW and 65 N·m respectively. The working process is almost the same as a traditional spark ignition engine; Finally, the performance difference between kerosene and gasoline under the air-entrainment mode with the throttle valve controlled at 50% was explored, which showed that the power performance of gasoline fuel was better, and the power and torque were increased by about 5 kW and 35 N·m, respectively.