利用剩余活性污泥制备洗涤用酶制剂的研究

研究了剩余活性污泥中复合水解酶的提取分离及制成洗涤用复合水解酶制剂的方法. 离心脱水的污泥按料液比1∶2加入1%的Triton X-100水溶液搅拌提取60 min，蛋白酶的提取率为71.7%；酶提取液经膜分离和浓缩后用70%乙醇沉淀，沉淀经冷冻干燥得复合水解酶粉末，每千克剩余活性污泥可制备1.7 g复合水解酶粉，其中胶原蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶的酶活分别为4.216、3.714、11.915、3.060和1.291 U/mg；在复合水解酶液中加入由4%蔗糖、4%甘露醇、30 mmol/L甘氨酸和10 mmol/L MgSO₄组成的复合稳定剂可大大延长酶的保存期；再按固体物比4%复合酶粉末、10%硅藻土、10%可溶性淀粉、6%复合稳定剂、70%十水硫酸钠的配方制成洗涤用酶颗粒制剂. 酶颗粒制剂的主要酶种类与酶活性与市售商品洗涤用酶制剂一致，可用于作洗涤的酶添加剂. 本研究为剩余活性污泥的资源化利用提供了新的途径.

The Preparation of Compound Hydrolases for Detergent from Excess Activated Sludge

The preparation of compound hydrolases for detergent from excess activated sludge was studied. The sludge was mixed with 2.0-fold water containing 1% Triton X-100 and stirred for 60 min. The rate of protease extraction was 71.7%. After membrane filtration and concentration, the enzyme extract was precipitated with 70% ethanol and freeze-dried to powder. Enzyme powder of 1.7 g was obtained from 1 kg sludge and the powder had an enzyme activity of 4.216, 3.714, 11.915, 3.060 and 1.291 U/mg for collagenase, alkaline protease, lipase, amylase and cellulose, respectively. The stability and the shelf life of the enzymes was greatly improved with the addition of an optimized complex stabilizer which consisted of 4% sucrose, 4% mannitol, 30 mmol/L glycine and 10 mmol/L magnesium sulfate. The commercial enzyme granules for detergent were prepared according to the formula of 4% composite enzyme powder, 10% diatomite, 10% soluble starch, 6% composite stabilizer and 70% sodium sulfate decahydrate. The main types of enzymes and the activities of enzyme granule preparation were similar to those of the commercial detergent enzyme preparation on the market. This study provides a new way for the utilization of activated sludge.