论泥沙灾害学体系建立的理论基础

泥沙灾害是地球表层各种主要灾害之一．泥沙灾害学是泥沙学、地貌学与灾害学学科交叉的产物，它是描述泥沙在其侵蚀、输移和沉积运动发生变异时造成灾祸过程及其防治方法的科学．泥沙灾害在本质上不同于通常的气象灾害、水灾害、生物灾害和地质灾害，泥沙运动也不能用传统的气象学、水力学、生物学和地质学来描述．作为主要灾害之一，泥沙灾害具有灾害学中关于所有灾害描述的一般特性;作为相对独立于过去四大灾害的系统，泥沙灾害系统具有自身独特的体系和规律．明确的运动物质主体、固有的颗粒运动特性、独特的泥沙灾害系统和不同的灾害防治方法形成了泥沙灾害学的特殊体系，从而也构成了泥沙灾害学的理论基础.

On the New Discipline of Sediment Disaster

Sediment disaster is one of the major disasters in the earth. The new discipline of sediment disaster focuses on the formation cause, hazard process, disaster characteristics, prevention and mitigation relevant to sediment motion in the process of erosion, transportation and deposition. Sediment disasters are essentially different from other disasters such as meteorological, flood, biological and geological disasters. Moreover, sediment motion cannot be described by the conventional meteorology, hydrology and hydraulics, biology and geology. Although sediment disasters are of similar characteristics of general disasters, they have their own characters independent of others. It is the unique system, the identified matter of sediments as main body of motion, the specific characteristics of particle flow, the different hazard process and mitigation measures that make a sound foundation for the establishment of a new discipline for sediment disasters.