贵州黑洞内一个食物链层次上的物质循环和能量流通探讨

从食物链层次上对贵州黑洞内生态系统中的物质循环和能量流通进行了探讨,该洞内的典型食物链是土壤(有机质和无机物)→马陆和斑灶马→蜘蛛类→红点齿蟾,由于喀斯特洞穴内仅有少量低等植物分布而食物贫乏,故食物链的最初营养级不是生产者(植物)而是土壤,在该洞内各条食物链的顶级营养级均是红点齿蟾。物质从初级营养级逐级传递到顶级营养级是逐级减少,最后又返回到土壤中,形成封闭式的循环。在物质循环的过程中伴随着能量流通,能量的流通也是逐级减少,但是开放式的循环。物质循环和能量流通的金字塔型不明显是因为顶级营养级的红点齿蟾不仅取食第3营养级的蜘蛛类还取食第2营养级的马陆和斑灶马。

Inquiry on matter circulation and energy circulation in a food chain in Heidong Cave of Guizhou Province

This paper describes the matter circulation and energy circulation of the ecosystem on the basis of food chain in the Heidong cave of Guizhou province.The typical food chain of the Heidong cave is soil(organic matter and inorganic matter) →diplopod and Diestrammena marmorata →spider →Oreolalax rhohostigmetus.There are only a few plants of lower orders,so the original trophic level of food chain is not the producer(plant) but the soil.The highest level of all of the food chains in this cave is Oreolalax rhohostigmetus.The material is decreasing from the original trophic level to the highest one,and then goes back to the soil,which forms a closed circulation.The pyramid of the matter circulation and energy circulation is not clear,because Orolalax rhohostigmetus in the highest level eats not only the spiders in the third trophic level but also diplopod and Diestrammema marmorata in the second trophic level.