2002-2018年北京市通州区城市热岛(冷岛)效应时空分异规律及其影响因素

北京市通州区于2015年正式成为首都市副中心。截止至2018年，已有大量的人口、工业、商业迁入通州区，使得人为活动大大增加。人为活动以及下垫面的变化会影响通州区地表温度的时空分布。为了给通州区今后的发展进行指导，本文通过MODIS数据和气象数据，得到北京市通州区城市热岛（冷岛）效应的时空分异规律，分析了地表温度和归一化植被指数（NDVI）及气象要素之间的关系。结果表明：北京市通州区1951~2018年的四季气温呈显著上升趋势；城市热岛（冷岛）与环境要素关系密切，归一化植被指数与地表温度呈显著负相关，这表明通州区的植被分布对热场具有调节作用；城市热岛比例指数与平均气温、平均相对湿度呈负相关（相关系数分别为0.012和0.119）；城市冷岛比例指数与平均气温、最大风速呈正相关（相关系数分别为0.186和0.089）。说明随着通州区平均气温的升高，通州区热岛现象减弱，城市冷岛现象增强。通州区最大风速的增加对城市冷岛现象有增强作用。通州区平均相对湿度的增加对城市热岛现象有削弱作用。可见该研究结果可以为北京市通州区城市规划和生态城市建设提供依据。

Spatial and Temporal Difference of Urban Heat Island (Cold Island) Effect and Influencing Factors in Tongzhou District, Beijing, 2002 ~ 2018

Tongzhou district of Beijing formally became the vice-center of the capital city in 2015. By 2018, a large number of people, industries and businesses have moved into Tongzhou district, which has greatly increased human activities. Artificial activities and changes of underlying surface will affect the temporal and spatial distribution of surface temperature in Tongzhou district. In order to guide the future development of Tongzhou district, the temporal and spatial variability of urban heat island (cold island) effect in Tongzhou district of Beijing was obtained by using MODIS data and meteorological data, and the relationship between surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological factors was analyzed. The results show that the four seasons temperature in Tongzhou district of Beijing displays a significant upward trend from 1951 to 2018; the urban heat island (cold island) is closely related to environmental factors, and the NDVI is negatively correlated with the surface temperature, which indicates that the vegetation distribution in Tongzhou district has a regulating effect on the heat field; The ratio index of urban heat island is negatively correlated with average temperature and relative humidity (correlation coefficient is 0.012 and 0.119, respectively). The ratio index of oasis cold island is positive correlated with average temperature and maximum wind speed (correlation coefficient is 0.186 and 0.089, respectively). It shows that with the increase of average temperature in Tongzhou district, the phenomenon of heat island in Tongzhou district decreases and the phenomenon of urban cold island increases. The increase of maximum wind speed in Tongzhou district has an enhanced effect on the phenomenon of urban cold island. The increase of average relative humidity in Tongzhou area weakens the urban heat island phenomenon. It can be seen that the results of this study can provide a basis for urban planning and ecological city construction in Tongzhou district of Beijing.