机会成本法在自然环境与资源管理决策中的应用

机会成本是经济理论应用于管理活动最具实践意义的概念之一.在环境与资源经济学中机会成本法是一个重要的评价方法,它从资源的稀缺性和多用性出发,帮助决策者建立资源配置比较的观念,全面地考虑各种备选方案的收益.该法既可用于估算因环境污染造成的经济损失,又可为资源最佳利用方案的选择提供重要依据.本文从机会成本的基本内涵入手,就机会成本法在环境与资源管理决策中的应用现状作了概论,并以宁波象山港为例探讨了机会成本法在海域资源规划管理中的应用.结果表明,与其他经济学的评价方法相比,机会成本法简单易行且有效,可为环境与资源不同利用方式的选择、为环境与经济的权衡提供决策依据.

Application of Opportunity Cost Method in Natural Resource and Environmental Management

Opportunity cost is one of the most practical concepts in the economic theories applied in the management activities.Opportuinty cost method(OCM),an important evaluation method in environmental and resource economics,helps the decision-maker to form the concept of resources allocation and take the benefits of the alternatives into account roundly,based on the rarity and various utility of the resources.It can be applied not only in evaluating the economic loss of the environmental pollution,but also in assisting optimal decision about the usage of natural resources.Areview on the application of OCM in the environmental and resource management was presented.And an attempt was also made to use OCM in the planning and management of ocean resources in the Xiangshan Bay,Ningbo.The results showed the OCM is simpler,more effective than other economic evaluation methods.