模拟空间废水生物处理系统的设计及运行与微生物种群结构分析

废水循环利用是受控生态生保系统（environmental control and life support system，ECLSS）的关键技术之一.设计了空间废水组合生物处理系统，由两个序批间歇式反应器（sequencing batch reactor，SBR）、供氧部件、在线监测与控制部件等组成.利用该系统可同时处理卫生废水和尿液，降解卫生废水中的化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD），转化尿液中尿素生成硝态氮（NO₃-），形成植物种植营养液.废水处理系统稳定运行后，模拟卫生废水COD去除率达到99.34%，出水NO₃-浓度1 626.71 mg/L，氮素转化率达到87.2%.对SBR中微生物的种群结构进行了分析，卫生废水反应器中γ-变形菌纲的Pseudomonas、Arenimonas属微生物占73.3%，尿液废水反应器中β-变形菌纲的Thauera、Nitrosomonas、Comamonas属微生物占48.8%，这些微生物对维持空间废水生物处理系统的正常运行具有重要作用. 

Design and Operation of Biotreatment System for Space Wastewater and Analysis of Microbial Community Composition

Wastewater recycling is one of key technologies for the environmental control and life support system (ECLSS). In this paper,a biological treatment system (BTS) was designed,consisting of two sequencing batch reactor (SBR),an oxygen supplier,a detecting module,and a controlling module. The hygiene wastewater and urine could be treated simultaneously by the system designed,and the effluent water could be used as nutrition solution. When treatment system was under stable operation,the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and urea nitrogen reached 99.34%,87.2%,respectively,and the nitrate concentration in effluent water was 1 626.7 mg/L. The composition of microbial community in SBR was analyzed,finding that more than 73.3% of the microorganisms belong to Pseudomonas spp. and Arenimonas spp. in the hygiene wastewater bioreactor,and more than 48.8% of the microorganisms belong to Thauera spp.,Nitrosomonas spp.,and Comamonas spp. in the urine wastewater bioreactor. These microorganisms can play an important role in stabilizing of the BTS. This study provides a theoretical basis for application of BTS for treatment of space wastewater.