万有引力常数G的精确测量

万有引力常数G是一个与理论物理、天体物理和地球物理等密切相关的物理学基本常数,它的精确测量在引力实验乃至整个实验物理学中占据着特殊地位.尽管两个多世纪以来科学家们为此竭尽全力,但G的测量精度仍然是物理学基本常数中最差的.我们在简要综述万有引力常数G的测量历史的基础上,介绍了目前实验室测量万有引力常数G的现状和国际上在这一领域的研究进展.

Precise determination of Newtonian gravitational constant G

As one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature,the Newtonian gravitational constant G plays a unique role in the fields of the theoretical physics,geophysics,astrophysics,and astronomy.A large number of experiments have been carried out with many strenuous efforts during the past two centuries,but the accuracy of the absolute value of G is still the worst one in all fundamental physical constants,improved in accuracy by only about one order of magnitude per century.The reasons for thi...