结合SBAS-InSAR与光学遥感的矿区地表塌陷监测

针对矿区地表塌陷过程中难以获取全面的形变信息问题,本文以河南某采煤塌陷区为研究区,首先,基于多源多时相光学遥感影像采用综合归一化差异水体指数提取开采塌陷区积水的空间展布情况；然后,利用SBAS-InSAR技术处理63景2017年3月19日至2021年4月27日Sentinel-1A影像,获取研究区地表形变信息。结果表明：2010-2019年间年均塌陷积水面积新增幅度基本平稳,2019-2021年间年均塌陷积水面积新增幅度减小；研究区最大形变速率为-60.42 mm/a,形变速率小于-15mm/a区域均有煤矿井工开采作业。本文方法有效的提取了开采塌陷区较长时期内地表形变信息和空间展布情况,为矿区地表塌陷监测提供新的思路,形成了一套有效的矿区地表塌陷监测工作方法和流程,提高了遥感技术在矿区地表塌陷宏观、快速、准确监测的目的,为矿区塌陷修复和生态环境治理提供基础数据支撑。

Research on Surface Subsidence Monitoring in Mining Areas Combined with SBAS-InSAR and Optical Remote Sensing

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain comprehensive deformation information in the process of surface subsidence in the mining area, this paper takes a coal mining subsidence area in Henan as the research area. First, based on multi-source and multi-temporal optical remote sensing images, the comprehensive normalized differential water index is used to extract the accumulated water in the mining subsidence area. Then, SBAS-InSAR technology was used to process Sentinel-1A images of 63 scenes from March 19, 2017 to April 27, 2021 to obtain surface deformation information in the study area. The results show that the increase in the average annual collapse water area is basically stable from 2010 to 2019, and the increase in the average annual collapse water area decreases from 2019 to 2021; the maximum deformation rate in the study area is -60.42 mm/a, and the deformation rate is low There are coal mining operations in the -15mm/a area. The method in this paper effectively extracts the surface deformation information and spatial distribution in the mining subsidence area for a long period of time, provides a new idea for the monitoring of surface subsidence in the mining area, and forms a set of effective methods and procedures for the monitoring of surface subsidence in the mining area, which improves the remote sensing technology. The technology aims at macroscopic, rapid and accurate monitoring of surface subsidence in mining areas, and provides basic data support for mining subsidence restoration and ecological environment management.