产业组织、产业集聚与中国制造业产业污染

以规模经济角度入手, 从产业集聚带来的外部规模经济, 到由产业组织、产业所有权以及行为特征带来的内部规模经济, 分析影响产业污染排放特征的因素。以《国民经济行业分类》中两位数制造业层面的SO₂、粉尘、污水排放为例, 通过分析污染排放强度的空间分布和产业分布特征, 利用《中国工业企业数据库》以及《中国统计年鉴》行业污染数据, 建立2005-2009年产业层面面板回归模型, 研究中国制造业的产业组织以及空间组织与产业污染排放强度的关系。模型回归结果显示, 产业集聚水平越高的行业, 污染排放强度越高。对所有权变量的回归显示: 国有企业、集体所有企业行业集中度越高, SO₂、烟尘排放强度越低; 私营企业、外商独资行业集中度越高, SO₂、烟尘排放强度越高。研究结果显示, 中国的产业污染受到市场化影响, 需要提升企业污染的环境监管制度和力度, 并提升产业集聚区的污染治理与排污设施建设完善度。

Industrial Organization,Industrial Agglomeration and Chinese Manufacturing Pollution

This paper focuses on the influence external economies of scale brought by industrial agglomeration and internal economies of scale brought by industrial organization have on pollution emission intensity. This research takesSO₂, soot, polluted water as the examples and two digits manufacturing industrial divisions as the research subjects. Through spatial distribution analysis and penal data econometric analysis during the time from 2005 to 2009, the authors find that the relationship between gini and pollution intensity is positive, state owned and group owned enterprises ratios are negative related to pollution intensity ofSO₂ and soot, while private and foreign investment enterprises ratios are positive related to pollution intensity. The result shows that industrial pollution is influenced by the trend of marketization, which suggests that the authority may improve the environmental regulations systems and the supervision power, and local government should improve the pollution dissolving facilities’ effectiveness and pollution control efforts within industrial clusters.