望都夏季大气细粒子中水溶性无机盐及相关气态前体物的观测研究

采用气态污染物与气溶胶在线测量装置(GAC), 于2014年夏季对保定市望都县大气PM_2.5中水溶性无机盐及其相关气态污染物进行为期30余天的在线测量。结果表明: 观测期间站点为富氨环境,PM_2.5平均质量浓度为68.2 μg/m³, GAC测得的SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, Cl^-, NH₄⁺ 和K⁺分别是12.6, 8.5, 1.4, 11.7 和0.7 μg/m³, 占PM_2.5总组分的51%。上述观测参数均呈现明显的日变化:SO₂, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ 和Cl^-均在早晨出现峰值, HCl 和HNO₃的峰值出现在下午, 而NH₃主要呈现昼夜变化。硫氧化速率(SOR)和氮氧化速率(NOR)的分析结果表明站点大气存在较强烈的二次转化过程, SOR和NOR的平均值分别为0.43 和0.22。SOR与NOR的变化特征显示, 气相氧化和液相反应均对颗粒物无机盐二次转化速率有显著贡献。

A Study of the Water-Soluble Inorganic Salts and Their Gaseous Precursors at Wangdu Site in the Summer Time

The authors conducted on-line measurements of water soluble inorganic ions and their gas phase precursors for more than 30 days at Wangdu, Baoding City in summer in 2014 with a Gas and Aerosol Collector (GAC). It was found that, the observation site was always subjected with an ammonia rich conditions; the averaged PM_2.5 concentration was 68.2 μg/m3, of which the detected SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, Cl^-, NH₄⁺ and K⁺ by GAC was 12.6, 8.5, 1.4, 11.7 and 0.7 μg/m³, respectively, consisted 51% of the total mass ofPM_2.5. All these observed pollutants showed distinct diurnal variations: SO₂, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ and Cl^- showed a morning maximum, HCl and HNO₃ presented an afternoon peak, and NH₃ possessed a day-night variations. As depicted by the analysis of Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxidation Rates (SOR, NOR), fast transformations of trace gases into secondary inorganic aerosols were indicated. The averaged value of SOR and NOR are 0.43 and 0.22, respectively. The variation of SOR and NOR inferred that both gas phase and aqueous oxidations contributed to the fast transformation that formed water soluble inorganic salts.