美国行政法中的报告制度概览

信息之于行政机关,如同能源之于工业,是行政机关正常运作的前提和基础,否则,若没有充分的信息,再强权的政府也无能为力。正如美国法学家拜尔所言:"法律的强制只有在拥有执行该法律所需信息时才是可能的。"在美国,报告是行政机关"坐享其成"的很重要的一种收集信息的方式,本文主要从报告的性质、宪法修正案第5条以及《削减公文法》对记录和报告的限制等方面来初步分析美国相对完善的报告制度。

The system of report in American administrative law and the advice for China

Information is the premise and base of the operation of administration. In America, report is an important mode of information collection. The article analyzes the property and the extension of report, the restrict from the 5th amendment of constitution etc. Moreover, it summarizes the actuality of information collection in china, compares with that in the USA, and gives some advice for Chinese legislation.