我国草原环境灾害的减灾和抗灾对策研究

草原不但是重要的牧业资源，而且对水土保持、生态平衡、气候调节、防风固沙、环境保护等工作影响深远。草原是广大各族农牧民的生活资料和生产资料。承载着畜牧业生产的重大责任。与人民生活息息相关，因此保护草原资源，做好草原环境灾害防灾工作意义十分重大。通过对我国草原的基本概况、环境灾害类型及灾害成因进行分析,结果表明:造成草原灾害的类型主要有干旱灾害、大风灾害、生物灾害、“三化”灾害、大雪灾害、草场火灾等六类,灾害成因主要包括自然因素和人为因素两方面,其中过垦和超载是引起草原环境灾害的最主要人为因素;针对草原环境灾害类型和灾害成因,提出了防灾对策。

Study on Mitigation and Remediation of Environmental Disasters in Grassland of China

Grassland is not only herding resources, but also influences soil conservation, ecological balance, climate adjustment, and windbreak and sand-fixation as well. Grassland is closely relative with herdmen’s living and production. Protection of grassland resources and prevention of its disasters are accordingly significant. The paper analyzed the background of grassland of China and the categories and causes of disasters. The results showed that the categories of disasters include drought, wind, biology, desertification, degradation, salinity, heavy snow, fire et al.. The cause of disasters involved both natural factor and human being. Over-cultivation and excess-carrying biology are the main factors from human being. At last, the paper put forward the countermeasures to the grassland disasters.