矿物元素平衡对鸡肉粉替代凡纳滨对虾饲料鱼粉的影响

为探究低盐度养殖条件下鸡肉粉的矿物元素组成对鸡肉粉替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中的鱼粉的效果，设计了3组等氮等脂的饲料，其中对照组(FM组)含鱼粉30%（质量分数）;实验组以鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉，一实验组（PBM组）不添加矿物元素，另一实验组（PBMF组）补充矿物元素使其达到FM组水平.对初始重（0.30±0.01）g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾进行8周的摄食生长实验.实验结果显示:PBMF组的对虾增重率显著高于PBM组，但显著低于FM组(P<0.05)；PBM组的对虾血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、鳃丝总-ATP酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著高于FM和PBMF组(P<0.05)；但PBM组对虾的血清Na和Mn含量显著低于FM和PBMF组(P<0.05)；PBMF组对虾全体的Mn含量显著高于FM和PBM组(P<0.05).可见，在盐度2~3下，鸡肉粉的矿物元素组成不平衡是影响其替代凡纳滨对虾饲料中的鱼粉的效果的关键因素之一.

Effects of Mineral Balance on Fish Meal Replacement with Poultry by Product Meal in Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of mineral composition on fish meal replacement with poultry by-product meal in diets for Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low-salinity water.Three isoproteic and isolipdic diets were formulated.The control diet (FM) contained 30% of fish meal.The fish meal of FM was replaced by poultry by-product meal to formulate poultry by-product meal diets (PBM and PBMF).PBM wasn＇t supplemented with minerals,and the PBMF with mineral supplementation had the same mineral composition to FM.Juvenile shrimps with initial weight(0.30±0.01)g were fed for 8 weeks.The results showed that:weight gain rate of shrimps in PBMF groups were significantly higher than PBM groups and lower than FM groups (P<0.05).Shrimps in PBM groups had significantly higher serum AKP activity,gills T-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activity than those in FM and PBMF groups (P<0.05),while the concentration of significantly Na and Mn is serum were lower than those in other groups.The Mn content in whole body of shrimp in PBMF groups was significantly higher than that in FM and PBM groups (P<0.05).These results suggest that the unbalanced mineral composition of poultry by-product meal is one of the key factors that affect replacement of dietary fish meal for Litopenaeus vannamei reared in 2~3 salinity water.