乡村人居环境动态评估及其优化对策研究——以湖南省为例

随着以经济建设为中心的中国工业化和城市化快速发展,乡村空间＂负＂效应已日渐凸显,主要表现在乡村人居环境的恶化。维护和谐的乡村人居环境对农村可持续发展和国家稳定有着重要的意义。从居住条件、生态环境、基础设施、公共服务、乡村发展水平五个方面,构建湖南省乡村人居环境可持续发展的评价指标体系,并进一步从上述五个方面对湖南省1991~2007年间乡村人居环境进行动态评估。结果表明湖南省乡村人居环境虽在逐渐改善,但因生态环境恶化和公共服务滞后,其发展水平仍处于一般水平。最后,从乡村居民和政府两方面对湖南省乡村人居环境可持续发展对策进行探讨,认为乡村人居环境建设的主体是乡村居民,政府的支持和引导是关键。

Dynamic Assessment and Optimization Strategies of Rural Human Settlements in Hunan Province

In the process of urbanization,rural space ＂negative＂ effect is prominent,mainly in rural residential environment deterioration.Maintaining harmonious rural human settlement plays a significant role in promoting sustainable development of rural areas and stability of the country.Based on the living conditions,ecological environment,infrastructure,public service and rural development,this article constructs the evaluation index system of sustainable development and takes optimization strategies to rural human settlement in Hunan Province from 1991 to 2007.The results show that although rural human settlement from 1991~2007 has gradually improved;its development level still lags behind for a long period because of the ecological environment deterioration and public service.Finally,this article discusses the sustainable development countermeasures from the two aspects of rural residents and the government of rural human settlement of Hunan Province,and holds that villages is the main part of prompti rural human settlement and government support and guidance is the key to prompting rural human settlement.