风电机组主轴承选型与设计分析

分析比较了各种风电主轴承布置和选型的特点,包括使用调心滚子轴承的三点支承布置形式、双列圆锥滚子轴承与圆柱滚子轴承的组合、两个单列圆锥滚子轴承的组合、双列圆锥单轴承等,提出了根据不同的风机结构形式、载荷特点、受力状况、成本、重量等因素来设计轴系布局的思路。研究了影响风电轴承可靠性的综合因素,介绍了风载、传动系和轴承之间的相互作用关系。基于一个轴承可靠性分析的实例,分析了复杂地形的异常风切变和湍流对载荷和轴承失效的影响,发现大量发生风机故障的风场都存在共性,故障机位点的地形和风况条件较复杂,例如机位点坡度陡峭,机位点旁边有山包、陡壁、深谷等不利地形特征,各个机位的相互距离过近,造成较大尾流影响等。这类因素容易产生异常风切变和湍流,导致风载超出轴承的设计载荷。讨论了对风场的地形和风资源进行深入分析研究的方法。

Arrangement and design of main bearing for wind turbine

The wind turbine bearing runs under complicated loading and vibration condition and its design and analysis is a developing and crossing discipline. The typical main bearing arrangements for wind turbine are compared, including the 3-point arrangement with spherical roller bearing, double-row tapered roller bearing and cylindrical roller bearing, two single-row tapered roller bearings. The various factors including the wind turbine type, loading, cost and weight are considered in the design of wind turbine drive train. The influencing factor of bearing reliability and the relationship between wind load, drive train and bearing are studied. Based on an example of bearing reliability, the influence of complicated topography on wind load and bearing life is analyzed. The commonality of the wind farms with wind turbine failure is found, i.e. the topology and the wind condition of most wind turbine sites are very unfavorable, e.g. with sleep slope, not enough distance between adjacent wind turbines. Such factors can cause abnormal wind shear and turbulence, which can bring unexpected load onto the bearing. The key factors in the analysis procedure of topography and wind resource are discussed.