卫星星座及其覆盖问题建模与可视化仿真

为了便于对卫星星座及其覆盖特性进行研究,笔者独立开发了一套卫星星座可视化仿真软件,该软件可以动态演示星座的三维几何构型、卫星的姿态运动以及相应的卫星星下点和覆盖区。该软件由存储、计算和结果显示模块组成。存储模块使用了数据库技术来对相应的初始参数进行操作;结果显示模块使用了OPENGL和简单GIS技术来演示星座运行、卫星姿态以及星下点轨迹和覆盖圆情况。并给出了计算模块所使用的轨道动力学模型、姿态模型以及覆盖模型。轨道动力学模型考虑了大气阻力和J2项摄动,并使用Cowell法建立轨道运动微分方程,利用Adams线性多步法进行求解,以保持较高的计算精度。姿态模型主要使用姿态四元数建立相应的姿态运动。覆盖模型则针对稀疏星座对固定目标的重访时间进行了建模,提出了数值法与解析法求解重访时间的方案。最后给出了程序运行效果与仿真算例。

Modeling and Visualized Simulation of Satellite Constellation and Its Coverage Problem

For researching satellite constellation and its coverage, a set of satellite constellation visualized simulation software was developed. This software can display the geometry of the constellation, satellite attitude motion, relevant groundtrack and coverage circle. This soft is made of storage, computation and result display module. Storage module uses database technology to handle the correlative initial parameter. Display module uses OpenGL and simple GIS technology to show constellation, satellite attitude and groundtrack and coverage circle. Orbit dynamics model, attitude model and coverage model used computation module were given. Atmospheric drag and J2 perturbation were taken into account in Orbit dynamics model. The Cowell method was used to set up orbit motion differential equations. For precision, the equations were solved by Adams linear multi-step method. To solve the sparse constellation's coverage problem, the coverage model was set up. Revisit time can be solved by numeric method or analytical method. The simulation sample and program running impression were given.