矿山水害灾变链式模型与工程应用

 矿山水害灾变具有链式的结构特征。结合灾害链式理论与矿山工程特征,探讨矿山水害的断链减灾理论模型与工程控制措施具有重要意义。以某矿山为工程实例,基于灾害链式理论构建了矿山水害的动态灾变链理论模型,将影响矿山水害形成的灾害要素划分为3类集合。构建了集合与集合、集合与集合内要素、要素与要素间的动态理论模型,分析了矿山水害链随时间变化的阶段性特征。提出了针对水害链孕育、潜存与爆发各个阶段特征的3种断链减灾模式和控制措施。应用该模型对某矿山610中段存在的由老窿水患引起的残矿资源回收问题,从断链减灾模式出发,提出了控制水害发生的具体的工程技术措施。研究结果表明,该矿山水害链模型显示的水害链灾源主要由地表水与老窿储水构成,并在工程响应下诱发充水通道形成灾害输出的灾变链结构;水害链模型可以有效描述矿井水害从孕育到发生的过程;610中段水患问题处于爆发状态;针对水害链的结构特征与状态,提出了老窿充填、地下排水和水资源的循环利用等控制水害的断链减灾工程措施,可以实现矿山水害的减灾、治理与水资源利用的协同处置。

Chain Model and Engineering Application of Water Disaster in Underground Mining

Chain effect of water disaster has been found during the mining process in the underground mining. Taken disaster chain theory and characteristics of the mine into account, the chain-cutting disaster mitigation model and engineering measures are great significant to the underground mine. According to the theory model of disaster chain, the water disaster chain model of a mine in Hunan was built. Elements in water disaster chain model was divided into three collections. The relations among elements in water disaster chain were built as equations. The characteristics of elements changing over times were analyzed. Three approaches of disaster mitigations were proposed for each period of water disaster chain. The 610 level's mine water trouble of the mine in Hunan was taken as an engineer example, the results showed that, the built mine water disaster chain model could effectively describe the characters of mine water disasters. This mine water disaster chain source was mainly formed by the surface water seep and the water storage in goaf. The disaster output was transformed from the chain source through water-conducting induce under the response of mining. The 610 level's water trouble was in the period of disaster burst. Engineering measures were raised to deal with chain-cutting disaster mitigation, control of water disaster and water resources utilization coordinately, such as filling mined-out area, underground drainage and circulation utilization of water resources.