基于老年驾驶员的自动驾驶接管振动提示

老年驾驶员在自动驾驶的接管过程中会出现反应时长增长、记忆力及运动能力下降等问题，振动接管提醒以其占据感知通道与驾驶任务不冲突的特性而优于其它接管提示方式。但不同的振动提示位置及顺序会影响驾驶员的接管能力，因此本研究比较不同风险场景下振动提示的顺序类型对于不同年龄段驾驶员的接管行为和主观感受的差异，以此来帮助老年驾驶员更好的完成接管。本研究共招募6名年轻驾驶员和6名老年驾驶员观看不同风险场景的事故视频，并在事故发生前给予不同振动顺序类型的接管提示。结合主观问卷，比较不同振动类型对于不同年龄段驾驶员的接管紧迫程度以及危险感知的差异。结果表明驾驶员在低风险场景下的接管意愿更高（F=5.872，P=0.018）且在高风险场景下驾驶员需要更长的接管提前时间来发现出现的风险，老年驾驶员对于自动驾驶汽车的信任显著低于年轻驾驶员（F=30.912，P<0.001），老年驾驶员在风险的认知方面低于年轻驾驶员。对于老年驾驶员而言，多点依次振动的振动模式提示危险程度以及提示接管紧迫程度效果最好。对于年轻驾驶员而言，多点依次持续振动和多点依次振动提示前方危险程度的效果都很好，多点依次持续振动提示接管紧迫程度的效果最好。

Research on Vibration Prompts of Automatic Driving Takeover Based on Elderly Drivers

This study investigates the impact of different vibration cue sequences on takeover behavior and subjective perception of drivers across various age groups during process of automated driving. The decline in reaction times, memory, and motor abilities in elderly drivers during takeover situations is well-documented. Vibration cues have been identified as promising reminders for takeovers, given their non-interfering nature with driving task and their ability to effectively occupy the perceptual channel. However, the positioning and order of vibration cues may influence drivers'' takeover capabilities. To address this, twelve drivers, comprising six young drivers and six elderly drivers, participated in the study and viewed accident videos depicting different risk scenarios. Prior to the accidents, participants were given takeover prompts using various vibration cue sequences. Subjective questionnaires were then employed to compare the differences in takeover urgency and risk perception between the age groups in response to different vibration cue types. The results indicate that drivers demonstrate higher takeover willingness in low-risk scenarios (F=5.872, P=0.018) and require longer lead times to detect risks in high-risk scenarios. Furthermore, elderly drivers exhibit significantly lower trust in automated vehicles compared to young drivers (F=30.912, P<0.001) and have a lower level of risk awareness. For elderly drivers, the vibration cue sequence consisting of multiple consecutive points proves most effective in indicating the level of danger and takeover urgency. In contrast, for young drivers, both the continuous vibration cue sequence and the consecutive vibration cue sequence with multiple points are effective in indicating front-end danger, with the continuous vibration cue sequence performing best in prompting takeover urgency.