福州十邑传统村落空间格局特征及其影响因素

基于2018年第二次全国土地调查变更数据和2022年吉林一号高分遥感影像，运用景观格局指数、平均最近邻分析、核密度分析和全局/局部空间自相关等研究方法，对福州十邑地区的195个传统村落的空间格局及其影响因素进行分析。研究表明：（1）福州十邑传统村落聚落规模空间分异较大，具有明显的冷热点差异，研究区北部乡村聚落规模最大，南部地区次之，中部地区聚落规模最小；（2）传统村落聚落在形态上可以划分为团块型、条带型、散点型和团簇型4种类型，其中团块型村落的数量最多，条带型数量最少，不同类型乡村聚落景观格局指数差异较大，且分布数量和规模与不同的地貌之间关系紧密；（3）传统村落聚落在空间上主要沿着十邑西部边缘地区大致呈C字型分布，表明古田、屏南、永泰和闽清4县的传统村落是历史上以福州城为中心的乡村地域的重要组成部分；（4）福州十邑传统村落的空间分布受到高程、河流、道路、经济发展水平、城镇化率和行政中心的影响较为明显，海拔越高、距河流越近的传统村落数量和规模越大，距离道路和行政中心越远、经济发展水平和城镇化率越低的传统村落数量和规模越大。

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Spatial Pattern of Traditional Villages in Shiyi, Fuzhou

Based on the change data of the 2018 Second National Land Survey and the 2022 Jilin-1 high-fraction remote sensing imagery, the spatial patterns and influencing factors of 195 traditional villages in the Shiyi area of Fuzhou were analyzsed using research methods such as landscape pattern index, average nearest-neighbour analysis, kernel density analysis and global/local spatial autocorrelation. The study results show that: (1) the spatial differentiation of traditional village settlement sizes in Shiyi is strong, with obvious differences in hot and cold spots, with the largest village settlement size in the northern part of the study area, followed by the southern part, and the smallest settlement size in the central part of the study area; (2) the traditional village settlements can be classified into four types morphologically, namely, agglomeration type, striped type, scattered type, and clusters, among which agglomeration-type villages are the most abundant, striped type villages are the least; the landscape pattern indexes of different types of rural settlements vary greatly, and the distribution number and scale are closely related to different landforms; (3) the traditional villages are spatially distributed along the western edge of Shiyi in a C-shape, indicating that the traditional villages in the four counties of Gutian, Pingnan, Yongtai, and Minqing were important parts of the historical rural area surrounding Fuzhou city; (4) the spatial distribution of the traditional villages in Shiyi is influenced by the elevation, river flow, river level, riverine conditions, and the location of the villages; the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Shiyi, Fuzhou is more obviously affected by elevation, rivers, roads, economic development level, urbanisation rate and administrative centre; the higher the elevation and the closer the rivers, the larger the number and scale of traditional villages; the further away from roads and administrative centres, the lower the level of economic development; the lower the rate of urbanisation, the greater the number and size of traditional villages.