采煤沉陷松散层变形研究现状与分析

开采沉陷是煤炭资源井工开采所面临的主要环境地质问题,获得沉陷变形参数对推动开采减损、生态环境保护与修复有着重要的指导意义,其中松散层变形是东部高潜水位矿区生态修复和西部生态脆弱区保护所关注的重点。借助CiteSpace文献计量软件,基于中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)数据库进行可视化分析,通过对该研究方向近30年主要研究力量、研究热点和现状趋势量化统计与分析。详细的阐述了该方向的研究现状,简要概述了沉陷成因、理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟及原位实测等方面开展的研究内容。从多学科交叉促进理论研究发展、多方法联合建立高精度动态监测、发展与创新测试装备和技术等方面对其未来趋势进行了展望,提出“空-天-地-孔”一体化监测平台的建设与运营,以期通过多维度、网格化立体数据的获取,进一步掌握松散层内部变形特征与传递机理,为矿山开采以及矿区环境治理理念中的“源头控制”、“过程治理”实施和评价废弃矿井CO₂封存地质条件提供基础数据与科学支撑。

Research Status and Analysis of Loose Layer Deformation under Coal Mining Subsidence Condition

Coal mining generates mining subsidence, which is a primary environmental geological challenge. Obtaining subsidence deformation parameters is critical to promote mining damage reduction, ecological environmental protection, and restoration. Loose layer deformation has emerged as a critical research area for ecological restoration in high-dive level mining areas in the east, and the protection of ecologically fragile areas in the west. This study presents a detailed quantitative analysis of the main research forces, research hotspots, and current trends in the last 30 years, utilizing bibliometric software for visual analysis. The analysis indicates that numerous scholars have made significant progress in understanding the deformation law of loose layers through theoretical analysis, indoor experiments, numerical simulations, and in-situ measurements. This progress has resulted in an in-depth understanding of the deformation law of loose layers. Based on multidisciplinary intersection and the development of theoretical research, this study proposes a multi-method joint establishment of high-precision dynamic monitoring, development and innovation of testing equipment and technology, and the construction and operation of an integrated monitoring platform of "air-sky-ground-hole". These efforts will further our understanding of the internal deformation characteristics and transmission mechanism of the loose layer, providing basic data and scientific support for the implementation of "source control" and "process management" in the concept of mining and environmental management of mining areas. At the same time, it can also provide a method for exploring the evaluation of geological conditions for CO₂ sequestration.