简论美国广播电视内容监管政策的演变

美国广播电视的内容监管政策经历了四个发展阶段：初期是出于技术原因，解决频谱资源的分配问题；发展期则是建立事后监管机制，解决内容监管问题；成熟期则正式对节目内容实施各项规制；最后在市场化背景下广播电视的内容监管也进入去除规制的阶段。这种政策的演变有两个特点：一是在政策演变的路径上它切合了现代传媒政策纵向演进的基本范式；二是在政策演变的理念上它逐步由公共利益准则走向消费者利益准则。

On the Evolution of American Radio and Television Content Supervision Policy

This paper believes that the content supervision policy of radio and television of the United States has undergone the following four stages of development： the first stage was to solve the problem of the allocation of spectrum resources for technical reasons ; then the monitoring mechanism was set up to address the content regulation of radio and television in the development period ; in the period of maturity the formal content regulation system of the radio and television program was implemented; Finally, with the development of the commercialization of radio and television, the content regulation policy also entered the stage of deregulation. The evolution of such a policy has two characteristics： First, it fit in the vertical evolution of the modern media policy paradigm; secondly, it has developed from the stage of the guiding principles for public interest to that of the guiding principles for the interests of consumers.