基于计算流体力学的体育馆风驱雨环境数值模拟分析

实际大气边界层近地面风驱雨效应会影响开敞体育场建筑外立面挡雨设计和观众看台舒适性，在方案设计阶段应用计算流体力学技术可以为该类建筑挡雨设计提供分析支撑。采用欧拉-欧拉多相流计算模型，针对实际开敞大跨悬挑体育场馆建筑开展了风雨环境三维数值模拟分析，重点研究了不同等级风力和主导风向对悬挑屋盖建筑外立面风驱雨强度特征影响，分析了不同粒径雨滴风驱雨作用下观众看台区域的等效覆雨面积指标。研究表明，考虑风驱雨作用后体育场馆看台区域的雨滴捕获率可达到1.2,超过仅考虑垂直降雨的雨滴捕获率；风向和风力等级对体育场馆观众看台的风驱雨强度分布规律影响较大，而降雨强度对观众看台位置的单位降雨量雨滴捕获率影响较小；建议在方案设计阶段通过风驱雨数值分析方法评估主导风向风速下建筑风驱雨强度，同时评估最不利风向的建筑遭受的整体单位时间降水量。研究可为同类型体育场馆建筑抗风雨设计提供相关技术参考。

Numerical Simulation Analysis of Wind-driven Rain Environment of Stadium Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics

The wind-driven-rain effect near the atmospheric boundary layer ground with affect the design of the facade of the open stadium building and the comfort of the audience, and the application of computational fluid dynamics can provide analysis and support for the rain-shield design of this type of building. Using the Euler-Eulerian multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics model, the numerical simulation analysis of wind-driven rain environment is carried out for an actual large-span cantilevered stadium building, focusing on the study of the impact of different levels of wind and annual dominant wind directions on the cantilevered stadium. And the influence of the wind-driven rain intensity characteristics on the facade of the roof building is analyzed. The research shows that the raindrop catch ratio in the stadium stands can reach 1.2 after considering the effect of wind driving rain, which is higher than the raindrop catch ratio only considering vertical rainfall; the wind direction and wind level have a great influence on the distribution law of the wind-driven rain intensity of the stadium spectator stands, while the rainfall intensity has little effect on the capture rate of raindrops per unit rainfall at the spectator stands. It is suggested that the wind-driven rainfall numerical analysis method should be used to evaluate the wind-driven rainfall intensity of buildings under the prevailing wind direction and wind speed in the design stage, and the overall unit-time precipitation suffered by the buildings with the most unfavorable wind direction can also be evaluated. The research in this paper can provide relevant reference for the wind and rain resistant design of the same type of large-span stadium buildings.